5/31

P₁(10) P₂(29) P₃ (13) P₄(7) P₅(12)

網路概論整理

ADSL asymmetric digital subscriber line 非對稱數位用戶迴路

ARP address resolution protocol 地址解析協議

ATM asynchronous transfer mode 非同步傳輸模式

CSMA/CD

carrier sense multiple access with collision detection載波偵聽多路存取／衝突檢測

CMS content management system 內容管理系統

CPU central processing unit 中央處理器

CSS cascading style sheets 階層樣式表

DBMS database management system 資料庫管理系統

DCCP datagram congestion control protocol 數據擁塞控制協定

DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol 動態主機設定協定

DNS domain name system 網域名稱協定

DTM digital terrain model 數值地形模型

ESS  extended service set延伸服務區

FCFS first come first served 先來先做

FDDI fiber distributed data interface 光纖分散式資料介面

FTP file transfer protocol 檔案傳輸協定

GPRS general packet radio service 整合封包無線電服務

GPS global position system 全球定位系統

GUI graphical user interface 圖形化介面

HDLC high-level data link control 高級數據鏈路控制

HSPA high speed packet access 高速分組存取

HTML hypertext markup language超文字標記語言

HTTP hypertext transfer protocol 超文字傳輸協定
NNTP network news transport protocol 網際網路新聞傳輸協定

ICANN internet corporation for assigned names and numbers網際網路名稱與數字地址分配機構

ICMP internet control message protocol 網際網路控制消息協定

IGMP internet group management protocol 網際網路組管理協定

IMAP internet message access protocol 互動郵件存取協定

IP internet protocol 網際網路協定

IRC internet relay chat 網際網路中繼聊天

ISDN integrated service digital network 整合服務數位網路

ISP internet service provider 網際網路提供服務者

LAN local area network 區域網路

LLC logical link control 邏輯連結控制

MAC media access control 媒介存取控制

MAN metropolitan area network 都會網路

NNTP network news transfer protocol網際網路新聞傳輸協定

NTP network time protocol 網路時間協定

OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing 正交分頻多工

OS operating system 作業系統

OSPF open shortest path first 開放最短路徑優先

P2P peer to peer 點對點網路技術

PMT page map table 分頁對應表

POP post office protocol 郵件接收協定

PPTP point to point tunneling protocol 點對點隧道協定

PSTN public switch telephone network 公共交換電信網路

PT page table 分頁表

RIP routing information protocol 路由信息協議

ROM read-only memory 唯讀記憶體

RPC remote procedure call 遠端程序呼叫

RSVP resource reservation protocol 資源留協定

RTCP real-time transport control protocol 實時傳輸控制協定

RTP real-time transport protocol 即時傳輸協定

RTSP real-time streaming protocol即時串流協定

SCTP stream control transmission protocol 串流控制傳輸協定

SIP session initiation protocol 會話發起協定

SJF shortest job first 最短的工作先做

SMP symmetric multiprocessing 對稱多元處理

SMTP simple mail transfer protocol 簡易郵件傳輸協定
SNMP simple network management protocol 簡單網路管理協定

SOAP simple object access protocol 簡單物件存取協定

SSDP simple service discovery protocol 簡單服務發現協定

SSL  secure sockets layer安全套階層

SSTF shortest seek time first 搜尋時間最短的先做

STP shield twisted-pair 有遮蔽雙絞線

TCP transmission control protocol 傳輸控制協定

UDP user datagram protocol 使用者資料報協定

URL universal/uniform resource locator 全球資源定位器

UTP un-shield twisted-pair 無遮蔽雙絞線

VRML virtual reality modeling language 虛擬實境描述模組語言

WAN wide area network 廣域網路

WAP wireless application protocol 無線應用通訊協定

WLAN wireless local area network 無線區域網路

WMAN wireless metropolitan network無線都會網路

Wi-MAX
worldwide interoperability for microwave access 全球互通微波存取

WPAN wireless personal area network 無線個人網路

XML extensible markup language 可擴展標記語言

XSL extensible style language 可擴展樣式語言

5/17 數位邏輯設計-3

狄摩根

(X．Y)'=X'+Y'

(X+Y)'=X'Y'

EX1

F(X,Y,Z)=X'Y'Z+X'YZ'+XYZ+XY'Z

(Y'Z'+X'YZ+XZ’)'

=(Y+Z)(X+Y'+Z')(X'+Z)

EX2

F(W,X,Y,Z)=Σm(0,1,2,3,5,7,10)

簡化為和項之積

=(XZ'+WY'+WZ)'’

=(X'+Z)(W'+Y)(W'+Z')

EX3

Σm(0,2,4,6,8,10,13,15)

=(WXZ'+X'Z+W'Z)'

=(W'+X'+Z)(X+Z')(W+Z')

EX4

 Σm(0,1,2,4,6)+d(3,7)

=(YZ+XZ)'

=(Y’+Z’)(X’+Z’)

 Σm(0,1,2,4,6)+d(3,7)

=X'+Z'+Y

6/7通訊裝置報告

5/10 數位邏輯設計-2

卡諾圖

1.必須有個方格

2.相鄰兩項，其對應變數字母只有一個不同變化量

3.兩個相鄰 "1 " 會消去一個互補的變數

   四個相鄰" 1 " 會消去兩個互補的變數

兩個二元變數的卡諾圖

三個二元變數的卡諾圖

		X	Y	Z
m0	X’Y’Z’	0	0	0
m1	X’Y’Z	0	0	1
m2	X’YZ’	0	1	0
m3	X’YZ	0	1	1
m4	XY’Z’	1	0	0
m5	XY’Z	1	0	1
m6	XYZ’	1	1	0
m7	XYZ	1	1	1

EX 積項之和

Σm(1,3,2,6,7)

X’Y’Z’+ X’YZ+ X’YZ’+ XYZ’+ XYZ

=Y+X’Z

卡諾圖

5/3 數位邏輯設計-1

邏輯閘

AND

OR

NOT

XOR

布林代數恆等式

4/26 Output輸出

Output 輸出
-->Data that has been processed into a useful form called information
Display Devices 顯示器
-->Output device that visually conveys information
-->Information on display device sometimes called soft copy

CRT Monitor 螢幕
-->Contains cathode-ray tube
-->Screen coated with tiny dots (consists of a red,blue,and green)of phosphor(磷) material
resolution 解析度
-->Sharpness and clarity of image
Video card(graphics card) 顯示卡
-->converts digital output from computer into analog video signal

Flat-Panel Displays (LCD monitor液晶螢幕)
-->Uses liquid crystal display
-->Take up less desk space than CRT monitor
-->EX.Notebooks ,Tablets PCs,PDAs,Smart phones
LCD work
-->Uses liquid compound to present information on a display

Printer印表機

printer
-->Output device that produces text and graphics on paper
-->Result is hard copy,or printout
-->主要可以分成 "撞擊式印表機" 與 "非撞擊式印表機"

撞擊式印表機 (impact printer)
是藉由撞擊色帶、色帶來進行列印。
-->forms characters by striking mechanism against inked ribbon that contacts paper
點陣式印表機 dot-matrix printer
-->Impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins strike ribbon
行列式印表機(line printer)來進行大量列印

非撞擊式印表機(nonimpact printer)
-->forms characters and graphics without striking paper
噴墨印表機(ink-jet printer)
-相機印表機(photo printer)
雷射印表機(laser printer)
-->Typically costs more than ink-jet printer,but is much faster
熱感應式印表機(thermal printer)
-->Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper
繪圖機 (plotter)
-->Large-format printer

Speakers and Headsets
audio output device
-->Computer component that produces music,speech,or other sounds
-->Speakers and headsets are common devices

voice output
-->Computer talks to you through speakers on computer
-->Internet telephony allows you to have conversation over Web

Other Out Devices
傳真機(facsimile(fax) machine)
-->Device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines
多功能印表機(MFP,multi-function peripheral)
-->Provides functionality of printer,scanner,copy machine, and fax machine

4/19 Input 輸入

Input 輸入

-->Data or instructions entered into memory of computer

Two types of input :  Data & Instruction

The Keyboard 鍵盤

The Keyboard
-->Typing area
-->Numeric keypad
-->Function keys,special keys that issue commands

Key combination

insertion point 游標
-->Blinking vertical bar that indicates where next character you type will display

Pointing Devices

mouse 滑鼠

-->Pointing device that fits under palm of hand

Other Pointing Devices

trackball軌跡球

touchpad觸控板 pointing stick

joystick搖桿

touch screen觸控式螢幕

graphics tablet繪圖板 stylus畫筆

Voice Input

MIDI(musical instrument digital interface)

-->External device, such as electronic piano keyboard, to input music and  sound effects

PDAs,Tablet PCs,and Smart Phones

Digital Cameras

digital camera

-->Allows you to take digital pictures

-->Images viewable immediately on camera

resolution

-->Sharpness and clarity of image

-->>The higher the resolution,the better the image quality,but the more expensive the camera

Video Input

video input

-->Process of entering full-motion images into computer

-->Video capture card is adapter card that converts analog video signal into digital signal that computer can use

-->Digital video(DV)camera records video as digital signals

PC video camera and Web cam

video conferencing 視訊會議

-->Two or more geographically separated people who use net work on Internet to transmit audio and video data

Scanners and Reading Devices

scanner 掃描機

-->Light-sensing device that reads printed test and graphics

OCR(Optical character recognition)光學字元辨識
-->讀取紙張文件中的字元

OMR(Optiacl-mark reader)光學記號閱讀機
-->讀取手繪的記號，例如小圓圈或矩形

bar code 條碼

Terminals

point of sale(POS) terminal

-->Records purchases processes credit or debit card,and updates inventory
automated teller machine(ATM)
-->Self-service banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network
smart display
-->Thin monitor that detaches from computer to function as portable wireless touch screen

Biometric Input

biometrics

-->Authenticates person's identity by verifying personal characteristic

ex.fingerprint scanner

3/29 The Components of the System Unit

System unit
--> Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Chips
-->Small piece of semi-conducting material on which integrated circuits are etched
-->Chips are packaged so they can be attached to a circuit board

Motherboard
-->Main circuit board in system unit
-->Contains adapter card,processor chip, and memory chips
-->Also called system board

Machine cycle
-->Four operations of the CPU comprise a machine cycle

FOUR STEPS
1.FETCH 擷取
2.DECODE 解碼
3.EXECUTE 執行
4.STORE 寫回

Pipelining 管線作業
-->CPU begins fetching second instruction 
before completing machine cycle for first instruction
-->Results in faster processing

Register 暫存器
-->Temporary high-speed storage area that holds data and instructions

Memory
--> Electronic components that store instructions, data ,and results
--> Consists of one of more chips on motherboard or other circuit board
--> Each byte stored in unique location called address, similar to seats on a passenger train

Random access memory(RAM) 隨時存取記憶體(又稱揮發性記憶體)
-->Memory chips that can be read from and written to by processor
-->Also called main memory or primary storage
-->Most RAM is volatile (揮發性), it is lost when computer's power is turned off
--> SRAM DRAM

Read-only memory (ROM) 唯讀記憶體
-->Memory chips that store permanent data and instructions
-->Nonvolatile memory, it is not lost when computer's power is turn off

Access time 存取時間
-->Amount of time it takes processor to read data from memory
-->Measured in nanosecond (ns)

記憶體 奈秒
硬碟     毫秒
記憶體速度快